Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2014 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 6 Articles
Objective. To evaluate the postoperative visual quality of cataract patients with extreme myopia after implantation of aspheric\nintraocular lenses (IOLs). Methods. Thirty-three eyes were enrolled in this prospectivestudy. Eighteen eyes with an axial length\nlonger than 28 mm were included in the extreme myopia group, and the other 15 eyes were included in the nonextreme myopia\ngroup. Phacoemulsification and aspheric IOL implantation were performed. Six months after cataract surgery, best-corrected visual\nacuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, and wavefront aberrations were measured, and subjective visual quality was assessed. Results.\nThe BCVA improved significantly after surgery for both groups, and patients in the nonextreme myopia group achieved better\npostoperative BCVA due to better retinal status of the eyes. The evaluation of contrast sensitivity without glare was the same in\nboth groups, whereas patients in the nonextreme myopia group performed better at intermediate spatial frequencies under glare\nconditions.The two groups did not show a significant difference in high-order aberrations.With regard to subjective visual quality,\nthe composite scores of both groups did not differ significantly. Conclusions. Aspheric IOLs provided good visual outcomes in\ncataract patients with extreme myopia. These patients should undergo careful evaluation to determine the maculopathy severity\nlevel before surgery....
Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to a bias against returning the attention to a previously attended location. As a foraging facilitator\nit is thought to facilitate systematic visual search. With respect to neutral stimuli, this is generally thought to be adaptive, but\nwhen threatening stimuli appear in our environment, such a bias may be maladaptive. This experiment investigated the influence\nof phobia-related stimuli on the IOR effect using a discrimination task. A sample of 50 students (25 high, 25 low in spider fear)\ncompleted an IOR task including schematic representations of spiders or butterflies as targets. Eye movements were recorded and\nto assess discrimination among targets, participants indicated with button presses if targets were spiders or butterflies. Reaction\ntime data did not reveal a significant IOR effect but a significant interaction of group and target; spider fearful participants were\nfaster to respond to spider targets than to butterflies. Furthermore, eye-tracking data showed a robust IOR effect independent of\nstimulus category.These results offer a more comprehensive assessment of the motor and oculomotor factors involved in the IOR\neffect....
Background. To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection with or without macular laser photocoagulation\n(MLP) for recurrent or persistent macular edema (ME) secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods. Thirty-four\neyes underwent IVB injection for ME secondary to BRVO as a primary treatment. Twenty of the 34 eyes experienced recurrent\nor persistent ME after the first IVB. Nine of the 20 eyes (Group 1) were retreated with IVB combined with MLP.The remaining 11\neyes (Group 2) were retreated with IVB alone. Results. In Group 1, the postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved\ncompared with the preoperative value at all follow-up visits, although no statistically significant improvement was observed at 6\nmonths. In contrast, BCVA significantly improved from 0.53 to 0.40 at 6 months (P < 0.05) in Group 2. Conclusion. Combined\ntherapy tended to have a smaller effect on visual acuity compared with IVB monotherapy....
This systematic review was to compare the clinical outcomes between laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) and laser\nin situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia. Primary parameters included mean manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE),\nMRSE within �±0.50 diopters, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) ?20/20, and loss of ?1 line of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).\nSecondary parameters included flap complications and corneal haze. Twelve clinical controlled trials were identified and used for\ncomparing LASEK (780 eyes) to LASIK (915 eyes). There were no significant differences in visual and refractive outcomes between\nthe two surgeries for low to moderate myopia. The incidence of loss of ?1 line of BCVA was significantly higher in moderate to\nhigh myopia treated by LASEK than LASIK in the mid-term and long-term followup. The efficacy (MRSE and UCVA) of LASEK\nappeared to be a significant worsening trend in the long-term followup. Corneal haze was more severe in moderate to high myopia\ntreated by LASEK than LASIK in the mid-term and long-term followup. The flap-related complications still occurred in LASIK,\nbut the incidence was not significantly higher than that in LASEK. LASEK and LASIK were safe and effective for low to moderate\nmyopia. The advantage of LASEK was the absence of flap-related complications, and such procedure complication may occur in\nLASIK and affect the visual results. The increased incidence of stromal haze and regression in LASEK significantly affected the\nvisual and refractive results for high myopia....
Purpose. We wanted to investigate the relative significance of fat and muscle enlargement in the development of dysthyroid optic\nneuropathy (DON) in Gravesâ�� orbitopathy (GO). Methods. Preoperative coronal CT scans of 13 patients with and without DON\nwho subsequently underwent orbital decompression were retrospectively analyzed. Thirteen patients imaged for unilateral orbital\nfractures served as controls. Results.The retrobulbarmuscle volume was 2.1 �± 0.5 cm3 (mean �± SD) in controls, 4.3 �± 1.5 cm3 in GO\nwithout DON, and 4.7 �± 1.7 cm3 in GO with DON. The retrobulbar fat volume was 5.4 �± 1.6 cm3 in controls, 8.7 �± 8.0 cm3 in GO\nwithout DON, and 9.4 �± 3.1 cm3 in GO with DON. The muscle and fat volumes were higher in patients with GO than in controls\n(P < 0.001), but the volumes in orbits with and without DON were not significantly different. The volume of the optic nerve were\nsimilar in the 3 groups. The number of apical, coronal 2mm thick slices with no fat was 2.9 �± 0.9 in normal orbits, it was 4.1 �±\n1.0 in GO orbits without DON and 5.3 �± 0.8 in GO orbits with DON (P = 0.007). Conclusion. Apical muscle enlargement may\nbe more important than orbital fat enlargement in the development of DON. However, the fact that apical crowding and muscle\nenlargement also occur in orbits without DON suggests that other factors also play a role in the development of DON....
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in the elderly population worldwide and is\ndefined as a chronic, progressive disorder characterized by changes occurring within themacula reflective of the ageing process. At\npresent, the prevalence of AMD is currently rising and is estimated to increase by a third by 2020. Although our understanding of\nthe several components underpinning the pathogenesis of this condition has increased significantly, the treatment options for this\ncondition remain substantially limited. In this review, we outline the existing arsenal of therapies available for AMD and discuss\nthe additional role of further novel therapies currently under investigation for this debilitating disease....
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